Key messages from the CSA Centre's research on child sexual exploitation

Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) happens when a child or young person is manipulated, coerced or deceived into sexual activity for someone else’s gain. This may involve adults or peers and can happen online, in person, or both.

Children cannot consent to exploitation even if they appear to agree or don’t see themselves as victims.

CSE is not always obvious. Exploitation does not always involve physical force. It may look like attention, gifts, affection, online contact, or peer pressure.

Any child can be exploited. CSE affects children of all genders, backgrounds and abilities. Vulnerability increases risk, but no child is immune.

Behaviour is often a signal. Changes in behaviour, emotional wellbeing, attendance, or friendships may indicate exploitation. These should be seen as safeguarding concerns, not discipline issues.

Children’s voices matter. Children may struggle to explain what is happening or may minimise harm. Listening carefully and taking concerns seriously is essential.

CSE requires a multi-agency response. No single service can address CSE alone. Effective responses rely on information-sharing, partnership working and early intervention.

• Be alert to patterns of concern, not single incidents.

• Record and report concerns promptly to the DSL.

• Avoid victim-blaming language or assumptions.

• Work with safeguarding partners and don’t try to manage concerns in isolation.

• Ensure staff receive regular training and supervision on CSE.

Read the CSA Centre's paper

Safeguarding Network materials on CSE can be found here.